Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) promise a solution for on-site renewable electricity, enabling zero-energy buildings. Semi-transparent photovoltaics (STPV) are an emerging technology to enable power-generating windows, complementing existing BIPVs. PV windows combine three functionalities: (i) as building blocks they transmit sunlight into the building; (ii) as power generators they convert solar energy into electricity; and (iii) as thermal regulators they block infrared radiation, reducing undesired heating. However, currently available STPV technologies provide low performance or unpleasant-coloured or disturbed viewing experiences.
In TRANSMIT, we will perform spatial segmentation of solar cells in the form of micro-stripes, indistinguishable by the human eye, separated by clear glass, thus allowing light transmission. We will use two PV technologies with efficiencies superior to 20% in their opaque form: (i) thin-film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells and (ii) halide perovskites with prospects of being the next-generation PV technology. In (i) we will microstructure CIGS on glass using photolithography, sputtering, and lift-off techniques; in (ii) we will print the perovskite material and use laser ablation to make clear micro-lines, thus creating transparency. Device performance assessment, characterisation, and outdoor testing will be performed as well as life-cycle analysis, life-cycle cost, and screening future potential from sustainability and economic aspects.
